What does leaderless resistance require?

Leaderless resistance is a strategy utilized by individuals or small groups engaging in acts of resistance without a centralized command structure. This model focuses on decentralized actions where participants operate independently, yet in alignment with a shared ideology or goal.

The concept of phantom cells exemplifies this strategy; these are small, often secretive groups that conduct clandestine activities against a government or authority. They are characterized by their autonomy from larger organizations, which allows them to evade infiltration and disruption that might affect formal organizations. This facet of leaderless resistance emphasizes the importance of individual initiative and the coordination of loosely connected cells with a common purpose.

The other options mentioned do not fully encapsulate the essence of leaderless resistance. While anarchism and protest movements may involve certain resistive elements, they do not align as closely with the operational framework of leaderless resistance. The technique focuses more on direct, independent actions rather than a unified protest or an established organizational structure, which makes the first option the most accurate representation of what leaderless resistance requires.