Which locations are considered "choke points" in transportation networks?

Choke points in transportation networks refer to critical locations where congestion or disruption can occur, significantly impacting the flow of goods and people. Border crossings and terminals are prime examples of choke points because they serve as essential transit locations where vehicles, cargo, and people are processed. These areas often experience heavy traffic, security checks, and customs inspections, which can lead to delays. Disruptions here can have cascading effects throughout the entire transportation network, affecting supply chains and travel.

While major highways and city intersections do experience traffic flow and congestion, they are not considered choke points in the same sense as border crossings and terminals because they do not have the same level of regulatory or security significance. Air traffic control centers, while critical for aviation safety, do not fit the traditional definition of choke points in ground transportation. Their operations focus on managing airways and ensuring the safe passage of aircraft, not the physical congestion of ground transportation routes.